11/2/2022 0 Comments Vecinii din iad 1 free![]() ![]() (2014) also reported a rare case of a 22-year-old Nigerian with urinary schistosomiasis in Turkey. These include reported cases of urinary schistosomiasis in adolescent refugee from Gambia ( Poddighe et al., 2016) and 214 male migrant patients Milesi et al. Bergquist (2013) reported the spread of the disease to regions that were previously non-endemic. In the year 2008, estimated cases of 29 million infected persons were reported in Nigeria which amount to the largest number of infections in Africa ( Adenowo et al., 2015) and may have increased ( Abdulkadir et al., 2017). In Sub-Saharan Africa, mortality rate of the disease is estimated at 250,000 persons per year ( Masamba et al., 2016). In 76 countries, more than 200 million people are estimated to be affected by urogenital schistosomiasis with more than 100 million being urogenital schistosomiasis. Urinary schistosomiasis has been identified as the main cause of urogenital disease, and the main cause of bladder cancer in developing countries ( Onile et al., 2016 Rollinson et al., 2013). This was predicted to be stable, non-allergenic in nature and safe for human use. Consequently, a 493 amino acid multi-epitope vaccine construct of antigenicity probability of 0.91 was designed. A 3D structure of the vaccine construct was predicted, followed by disulphide engineering for stability, codon adaptation and in silico cloning for proper expression and molecular protein–protein docking of vaccine construct in the vector against toll-like receptor 4 receptor, respectively. The designed subunit vaccine was subjected to in silico antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity and physicochemical parameters analysis. This study therefore focused on exploring the role of HSPs in urogenital schistosomiasis to develop new multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the disease using immunoinformatic approaches. Changes in schistosomes environment due to developmental cycle, induces up-regulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) which assist the parasite in coping with the hostile conditions associated with its life cycle. PeerJ 8: e8795 ĭiscovery of T and B memory cells capable of eliciting long-term immunity against schistosomiasisis is important for people in endemic areas. An immunoinformatics approach for the design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for urogenital schistosomiasis. Cite this article Onile OS, Fadahunsi AI, Adekunle AA, Oyeyemi BF, Anumudu CI. ![]() For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed.
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